The Stars

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...thousands of small sparkling spots all around the earth and only in the clean nights we understand that are there.

If our planet should be like Venus, that is always cloudy, we wouldn´t know of their existence.. because we never  would see them.

As all over this world, the stars have a life cicle..born, shine...and, finaly dead.

All of this begin inside a huge hidrogen cloud ( When I say huge realy I say very huge..). Inside the cloud the gas, because of the gravitatory force, slowly condense into small balls, and, once the time goes, the balls attract more gas into them and, consequently, are bigger and thicker.

Gas density gets so higth value that, again because of the gravitatory force, the balls condenses more and more under its own weigth doing that, in the core, the temperature rises until so higth value, some millions of centigrade degrees, that begin to apear nuclear reactions, converting hidrogen into helio, with a very important heat production that produces a rise on the nuclear reactions and so on, until all the core ignites and them rejects all the layers that are over it because of the strenth of the radiation pressure that emerge of the core....an star has born...

The exterior layers that had been rejected will be orbiting the star and, forward, will build the planets or, perhaps, another stars.

Picture of Orion Nebula, M42, gas cloud where stars birth... we can see it because of the radiation that flows from the new stars that ionizes the gas and, them, the gas send out ligth, like the neon signs, for itselve.  

 

Picture of  The Pleyades, where we can see the effect of the gas ionización in the clouds around the stars.

 

The  "Pillars of Creation", lovely place into the Eagle Nebula, is a very active place of stars formation.

 

M31 galaxy, Andromeda...all the stars we can see on this picture don´t belong to andromeda galaxy, belong to our own galaxy, and we see them because they are between us and the galaxy M31, the own M31 is the big cloud of gas. We can see, too, two small satellite galaxies of  M31. M31 is situated, isolated in the space, to a distance of  2,2 million of years, Island Universe, is formed by aproximately 200.000 millions of stars, that, from here, looks like were gas... but really are stars...but are so far.... Our own galaxy is very similar to Andromeda galaxy.

 

Joining, in a imaginary form, the stars one with another we draw the contelations..that, in other times, men thought were gods...

While the star brights, with its amazing light, converts its main material, the hidrogen, into helio and, progressively the helio into other elements until get, finally, iron...

Scientifics believe that when a star belong to get iron, strongly endothermic reaction, absorb the heat instead of generate it, the star contracts violently, implots, and the fall of that enormeus mass against its interior layers do the temperature to rise very much in a so quickly form that the star explodes vilolently...(the final fase of the live of an star is not always in the same form, it depends of the mass of the star, in this case we are speakink about a supernova...) spreading around the universe all the materials that were in the exterior layers and, so, allowing the appearance of new heavenly bodys made not only of hidrogen and helio...Dust of stars...are all of us made of.... because, even seems amazing, all the matter we can see has been inside an star before to be here.... really incredible and amazing!..               

It´s thought that the supernova explosions are among the most violent events in the universe... the most violent poems....                                                                                                                

Amazing prodigic, terrible rests of enormuos explosions. When a sun explodes as a supernova all the possible live on a hundred years all around it is in danger to be destroyed...and, after, come back to reborn in a new form that nobody knows .....incredible!                                                                                                                        

 

Crab Nebula, NGC1952, rest of  the explosion of an star, it went visible from the Earth even during the day, for several months. Inside it now there is a neutrons star...

 

Supernova rest demL316_Gemini.

 

 Supernova eta-carinae.

 

snr0509-67.5

 

 

 Supernova 1987A

The final explosion of an star is so violent that compress so hardly the core of the star that, while the exterior layers are going out, the core condenss into a neutrons star or into a black hole ... (so dense bodys that its gravity don´t let the ligth escape fron them and, consecuently, they have no color, are absolutely black.)

Other form of final life of an star, a little bit less violent, it is for stars with a mass less than  8 -9 solar mass, the star becomes, when the hidrogen gas is finishing, into a red giant and, because of contraction processes, expel the exterior layer.. it is what we call a planetary nebula.

 

 V838 Monocerotis, where we can see the expansion of a explosion of a red giant....

 

Nebulos Dum-bell

 

Planetary nebula Helix...

 

Planetary nebula NGC6369

   

                                                  Planetary nebula NGC6543, Ojo de Gato

 

Planetary nebula  NGC6751

 

Planetary nebula Mz3

NOTE: I ask for apologize for all the possible imprecisions that I could have in this explanation, but this  thema is so big and complex that is very dificult  to resume in a so small space, my objetive is to awake us about this phenomena and to do all persons to think a little about this..Thanks.

Here is a link to amazing pictures of planetary nebulas and other one about supernova explosions theory.                    

Nardo